Old Northen  Rhodesia Protectorate, 1924-1964
	mine police unit-obsolete-beret badge
Northern Rhodesia Police. Before 1964 when in gained its independence. Manufactured by J.R. Gaunt, London
	A obsolete 1990's African Zambian Police Airwing Pilots wing in silvered metal, with enamel coat of arms to the centre, 2 clutch fittings to the reverse. NOTE THIS IS THE 2nd PATTERN WITH THE WORD AIRWING

Northern Rhodesia Protectorate, 1924-139

In 1924, The British Colonial Office took over the administration of Northern Rhodesia from the British South Africa Company. Sir HERBERT STANLEY was appointed the first British governor, with residence in Livingstone.
The Colonial Office promoted the immigration of white settlers, reserving stretches of farmland for them. Immigration was not satisfactory; the country's major industry was copper mining, picking up in the 1920es. The Great Depression resulted in sharply declining prices for copper (1931-1933), which affected Northern Rhodesia. Yet, copper production still increased. In 1935 Northern Rhodesia was the scene of a labour dispute, a strike in the Copper Belt. In the 1930es, a second axis, the GREAT EAST ROAD, had been constructed, connecting Nyasaland with the Great North Road; where these roads met lay the city of LUSAKA. In 1935, the colony's capital was moved there, from Livingstone.
The discussion of plans for the settlement in Northern Rhodesia of European Jews fleeing political repression were intensified in the aftermath of the so-called 'Kristallnacht', a massive anti-Jewish pogrom launched by Nazi organizations on November 9th 1938. Overall, an estimated 250 Jews found their way to the landlocked British protectorate.

Northern Rhodesia Protectorate, 1939-1964

When World War II broke out in 1939, Britain claimed the colony's entire copper production; copper prices soared. A Northern Rhodesian regiment was recruited, fought in the war in various theatres. In 1940 the second Copper Belt strike took place.
After the war, steps for democratization were undertaken; an AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL was established in 1946. The white settlers were against a policy giving the Africans a greater part in the political process and a wider access to education and campaigned for an amalgamation with Southern Rhodesia. In 1948, two Africans were appointed to the Northern Rhodesia Legislative Council. The first African mineworkers' union was organized (1948). The NORTHERN RHODESIAN AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS was founded.
In 1950, elementary education was made compulsory for Africans. In 1953, against the expressed will of many Africans, the CENTRAL AFRICAN FEDERATION, also called RHODESIA AND NYASALAND, was created.
In the late 1950es, political parties were founded representing the African population majority; in 1962 a campaign of civil disobedience paved the road to independence.
The NRANC organized boycotts, strikes; in 1959 it was banned. Many NRANC leaders, among them KENNETH KAUNDA, joined the UNIP (United National Independence Party), which in 1960 elected Kaunda president. Also in 1959 elections were held in Northern Rhodesia, the first with African participation. A new constitution was promulgated in 1962; a coalition UNIP-NRANC government was formed (1962). In 1963 the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved; Northern Rhodesia, under the name of ZAMBIA, was granted independence in 1964.